Causes and preventive measures for open pit slope accidents

—, the cause of the slope accident

A slope accident occurs when the slope is unstable due to slope damage. Slope damage is caused by many factors in the production process. Open-pit mining destroys the original stress balance in the rock, and under the action of the secondary stress field, landslide and collapse occur. This phenomenon is called slope failure. Landslides and collapses are the main types of slope failure, and slope failure is the main reason that affects slope stability and causes slope accidents. Specifically, the reasons for affecting the stability of the slope and causing the slope accident are as follows:

1. Leaders pay insufficient attention to the lack of safety management staff. Some open-pit mine leaders have not paid enough attention to safety work, in order to save expenses, reduce personnel, and pursue efficiency, with a kind of luck, contrary to national and local regulations on the establishment of mine safety agencies and safety management personnel, not equipped with full-time safety. Managers, resulting in inadequate security work management.

2. Poor management, indiscriminate mining, and production in accordance with relevant requirements and regulations. Violation of the mining sequence and direction of advancement, over-excavation of the slope feet, the accumulation of waste rock and equipment in the upper part of the slope, thereby reducing the stability of the slope.

3. Mining technical conditions. Including the angle of the slope, the form of the slope, the mining procedure, the direction of advancement, and the process of wearing and exploding. We know that the smaller the slope angle, the more stable the slope; the steep slope at the upper part is more stable than the slow slope at the upper part; the shorter the slope is, the more stable it is; the blasting vibration also affects the slope. Stability.

4. Physical and mechanical properties of rock. There are mainly rock hardness, cohesion and internal friction feet. In general, the greater the hardness of the rock, the more stable it is. Landslides commonly seen occur in sandy, mudstone, limestone and physiologic rock formations.

5. Hydrogeological conditions. Including the infiltration of surface water and groundwater. Landslides in open pit mines occur mostly during the rainy season or when snow and ice are thawed. When water occurs in the weak surface of the rock, the effect of water significantly increases the sliding force of the rock mass and reduces the friction of the weak stone surface, thereby reducing the stability of the slope.

6. Geological formations. There are mainly weak joints formed by joints, fissures, bedding, faults and fracture zones, as well as extremely unstable soft rock interlayers and water-expanded soft rocks. An example of a large number of landslides indicates that the sliding stone and edge contours of the landslide body are controlled by structural stones.

Two-slope accident prevention measures

Once an open pit slope accident occurs, the consequences are quite serious. Therefore, as the leader and safety management personnel of the mine, effective measures must be taken to prevent the slope damage and prevent the occurrence of slope accidents. In general, the precautionary measures for slope accidents are as follows:

1. Conscientiously implement the policy of “extraction and stripping, and stripping first”. Adhere to the principle of mining from top to bottom. The mining method of one slope is strictly prohibited, and the step height and the step slope angle are set as required. Choose a reasonable form of slope, mining sequence and direction of advancement;

2. Pay attention to the inspection of the slope and the handling of the problem. The safety management personnel of the mine, especially the safety management personnel at the front line, should conduct a comprehensive inspection of the stope and strengthen the management of the slope. When there are cracks on the slope of the step, and collapse or large pumice and turquoise may occur, Relevant personnel and equipment must be withdrawn immediately and organized by experienced personnel. Reliable security measures should be developed when handling.

3. Strengthen the safety work of the rainy season and the stope. Whenever it rains or rains, it must stop working immediately; after heavy rain or large blasting, it will cause serious damage to the stability of the slope. Therefore, we must pay great attention to this. Safety inspections during the period and handling of hidden dangers.

4. Carefully organized and controlled blasting. We know that the main role of blasting is to break up the rock. Poor blasting operations affect the stability of slope rock mass to varying degrees, and even cause incidents of flying stone injury. Therefore, the blasting of rock mass in slope must be carefully organized, and effective measures should be taken to reduce blasting as much as possible. The damage to the slope keeps the slope in a stable state. Using a reasonable blasting method to control the amount and direction of blasting, the purpose is to reduce the impact of blasting on the stability of the edge and prevent the occurrence of accidents caused by flying stones. After the blasting operation is completed, the on-duty operators must promptly remove the floating and turquoise from the top-to-bottom method. Before the cleaning is performed, it is strictly forbidden to engage in any work below.

5. Strengthen safety education and standardize employee behavior. It is necessary to combine the actual situation of the mine, strengthen the safety education of the operators, improve the safety awareness of the employees, and standardize the work behavior of the employees. Pay special attention to the pre-class safety meeting system. Always remind the safety matters that should be paid attention to during the operation, and correct the unsafe behavior of employees in time. The operator should follow the safety technical operation rules of this position (type of work) according to the work he is engaged in. It is strictly forbidden for any person to rest and stay at the bottom of the side to prevent the sudden fall of the side help and cause casualties.

6. Do a good job of draining and draining water to improve the stability of the slope. Eliminating water and groundwater within the slope is one of the important and effective measures to prevent landslides. There are generally two methods: one is to use a drainage channel to cut off surface water. The second is to use the borehole to reduce the water level of the groundwater in the slope. These methods can avoid the harmful effects on the slope rock mass and improve the stability of the slope.

7. Always clean and trim the slope. Cleaning up the deposits on the slope and trimming the collapsed slopes is an indispensable task for maintaining the stability of the slope. This work should be carried out frequently to avoid the danger of water accumulation in the collapse or slope of the concave stone, and reduce the landslide body. Load. In the production process, according to different situations, the slope should be leveled and brushed in time, and the contour and shape of the slope should be changed to achieve the effect of stabilizing the slope.

8. Do a good job of artificially reinforcing the slope. For open pit mines with joints, cracks and other geological structures that are likely to cause collapse or landslides, the method of artificially reinforcing the slope is an effective measure to improve the stability of the slope. The methods include: setting anti-sliding retaining wall, anti-slide pile, slope grouting, installation of sight stick, shotcrete and the like.

9. Slope monitoring and forecasting. Monitoring the deformation and movement of the slope rock mass is a work that can predict the landslide and reduce accidents. There are various means and instruments for slope monitoring. For small and medium-sized mines, the easiest to learn, the most economical, the most effective and the easiest method is the fracture observation method, which is to put a wooden raft in the crack and Mark the lines parallel to the ground and observe the change of the crack. If the wooden raft slides into the inside, it indicates that the crack is expanding and there is a danger of landslide. Measures should be taken to prevent the occurrence of the slope accident.

In summary, it is an important part of the safety management of open pit mines and an important part of slope management. As long as the leaders at all levels of the mine attach great importance to this work, the safety management personnel will conscientiously implement these measures, and the management of the slope will be more solid. The prevention of slope accidents will certainly produce good results.

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